What is the difference between Human Trafficking, Modern Slavery and People Smuggling?

What is the difference between Human Trafficking, Modern Slavery and People Smuggling?

Consent

Human Trafficking: Survivors do not consent to be trafficked or they have been coerced, deceived, or abused before or after they consent, making the consent meaningless.

People Smuggling: Migrants consent to be smuggled.

Exploitation

Human Trafficking: Trafficked people are exploited once they reach the destination. The relationship between trafficker and trafficked person can last for any length of time.

People Smuggling: There is no exploitation involved. The relationship between smuggler and migrant ends at the migrant’s destination.

Transnationality

Human Trafficking: Does not have to involve the crossing of an international border. Trafficked people can be moved within a state’s borders as well as internationally.

People Smuggling: Always involves the crossing of an international border.

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